This study aims to compare the different types of literacy found in Turkish textbooks used in middle schools. The study used a document analysis, which is a qualitative research method. Four Turkish textbooks from grades 5-8, used in the academic year 2023-2024, were analyzed using the content analysis technique with MAXQDA 20.4.1 software. The study found that all middle school Turkish textbooks included four types of literacy (information, visual, graphic, and digital). However, these literacies were not evenly distributed among the grade levels. The study also found that the textbooks did not relate the different types of literacy or language skills to each other. Additionally, the activities to develop these literacies were limited to specific competencies. The study suggests that textbook authors emphasize digital literacy skills in Turkish textbooks at all grade levels by including different competencies. The concept of multiple literacies should also be emphasized.
Middle school, Turkish, textbook, literacy.