Abstract
INTELLECTUAL OF THE TANZIMAT AND CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY ERA IN EXAMPLE OF TURFANDA MI YOKSA TURFA MI AND YENİ TURAN NOVELS
Intellectual is “superior mind” person in society, guiding to public and administrator, operating mechanism of criticism, thinking, questioning. Until 19th century in Ottoman Empire, intellectual formed the ulema training in the madrasas; with the Tanzimat era, pashas who work to rescue empire from collapse such as Ali Pasha, Fuat Pasha, substituted the ulema. New Ottomans who emerged in response to application of Bab-ı Ali, are the first organized group of intellectuals in the Ottoman Empire. New Ottomans intellectual movement leading to short-term changes to the system paved the way for the formation of the Young Turks. A part of the Young Turk intellectuals saw resort of salvation to Turkism in the second Constitutional Monarchy era. While Mizancı Murat treats intellectual of Tanzimat era in the context of Ottomanism and Pan-İslamism in Turfanda mı Yoksa Turfa mı, Halide Edip Adıvar treats the intellectuals of The Constituonal Monarchy era in the center of Turkism in Yeni Turan. In this study, intellectual view of Tanzimat and Constitutional era will be analyzed in example of two novels.
Keywords
Intellectual, Tanzimat era, Second Constitutional Monarchy era, Turfanda mı Yoksa Turfa mı, Yeni Tur